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Using Mathematical Models to Study the Dispersion of Exotic Marine Species

__Before reading__ *Read the tilte and list 10 words you think you might find in the text.

1.- Mathematics 2.- Species 3.- Marins 4.- Ocean 5.- Biology 6.- Temperature 7.- Genetic 8.- World 9.- Exotic 10.- Migration

*How can you use math applied to biology. Mention one thing you can think of.

I'm with my mind in white! If I have to think in something, and responding; I guess that with the mathematics we can, count the number and the frequency with the species have migrations.

*What do you know about jelly fish? What kind of fish is it? If you don't know, find out, cut and paste an image of this fish. Please acknowledge the source.


 * "Jellyfish ** are free-swimming members of the [|phylum] [|Cnidaria] . // ** [|Medusa] ** // is another word for // jellyfish //, and refers to any free-swimming jellyfish life // stages // among animals in the phylum."

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*What is dispersion? If you don't know, find out, please acknowledge the source.

" In statistics, statistical dispersion is variability or spread in a variable or a probability distribution. Common examples of measures of statistical dispersion are the variance, standard deviation and interquartile range. Dispersion is contrasted with location or central tendency, and together they are the most used properties of distributions."

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__While Reading and After Reading__ 1. Click on the following link so that you can read the article. [|Using Mathematical Models to Study the Dispersion of Exotic Marine Species students version.doc]

2. Try to locate the words you though you were going to find in the text (question 1 before reading) List the words you found

This words are: Mathematics, Species, Ocean, Biology, Temperature, Genetic, World, Exotic, Migration.

3. Find what the following referents in bold letters refer to in the text:

 "These" refers to the species of Jellyfish known as Aurelia. 
 * The species of Jellyfish studied are known as Aurelia and **these** are found over much of the world’s temperate oceans.
 * By simulating the movement of the jellyfish over a 7,000-year period the study provides strong evidence that the world-wide dispersal post-dates European global shipping and trade, **which** began almost 500 years ago.

"Which" refers to the world-wide dispersal. 
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0077ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Ships take in water for stability before a voyage and, despite preventative measures such as mid-ocean exchange/ flushing, **this 'foreign' water** and **its contents** can find its way into bays and harbors at the ships destination.

"This 'foreign' water" and "its contens" refers to the water that <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">is exchange/flushing in the mid-ocean

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;"> "Its" refers to the computer model. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0077ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">The computer model could answer similar questions about the migration and introduction of any suspected non-native marine creatures, according to **its** developers Professor Matthew England and Alex Sen Gupta.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0077ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Now we have a tool that can include data on currents, geography and the biology of an organism to help separate natural dispersal **from that which happens** through shipping and trade

"From that which happens" refers to the dispersion that isn't natural "human-assisted dispersal" <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0077ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">4. What is happening with the fish?

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<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Researches from the School of Mathematics and Statistics and the University of California revealed that the jellyfish could not have migrated naturally and they think is due to European shipping and trade ======

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0077ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">5. What explanation scientists had given?

According to researchers of the School of mathematics and Statistics UNSW, the dispersion of jellyfish aims to international shipping and trade.
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0077ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">6. What did mathematicians find out? What does the formula explain?

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">With the computer model the researches could answer similar questions about the migration and the introduction of any other marine species that are consider as "non-native" of some environment and also this model is a tool that can include data on currents, geography and the biology of an organism to help separate natural dispersal from the dispersion that is caused by the human action.